How Malnutrition And Dehydration Can Affect a Person in a Nursing Home

Malnutrition and dehydration are a serious concern in nursing homes. Studies show that 30% to 85% of residents in nursing homes are malnourished. On the other hand, approximately 40% of residents suffer from dehydration. 

These issues often go unnoticed until the resident’s health begins to decline. Older adults are more vulnerable as their health is delicate, and when proper care is not provided, their bodies may be unable to recover. Keep reading to learn the causes and signs of dehydration or malnutrition in nursing homes. We will also discuss the effects on a person’s health. 

What Causes Malnutrition and Dehydration in Nursing Homes?

There are many reasons why a nursing home resident might not be getting enough food or water. These include:

• Some residents have trouble feeding themselves and require help.
• Understaffing. Studies show that each CNA (certified nursing assistant) might have up to 15 residents to care for, depending on the shift. 
• Conditions like dementia can cause residents to forget to eat or drink.
• Certain medications, like digitalis, can reduce appetite or cause dry mouth, making it very hard to stay hydrated. 
• Poor oral health among residents, some left with tooth decay, and others dealing with no or poorly fitted dentures.
• Caregivers may forget to assist during meals or fail to notice a resident isn’t eating or getting enough fluids. 
• Lack of enough food options to match different preferences. 

In the worst cases, malnutrition and dehydration may be signs of neglect or abuse.

The Health Effects of Malnutrition

When a person is not getting the nutrients their body needs, it begins to break down. Malnutrition weakens the immune system, making it harder for the body to fight off infections. This can also lead to muscle loss, which makes it easier for residents to fall and fracture.

Wounds will take longer to heal. If your loved one had a pre-existing medical condition like diabetes and heart disease, this could worsen. Another side effect is confusion and memory loss in older adults, which may be mistaken for aging or dementia. 

How Does Dehydration Affect the Body?

When the body lacks enough fluids, it begins shutting down. Dehydration can lead to urinary tract infections (UTIs) and kidney problems. A common sign of dehydration among seniors is confusion or sudden behavior changes. 

This can be easily mistaken for a mental health condition when it simply means they are not drinking enough water. Severe dehydration can also lead to fainting, which increases the risk of injuries. 

Signs of Dehydration to Watch Out For

If your loved one is in a nursing home, there are a few warning signs to keep an eye on:

• Sudden weight loss
• Fatigue
• Dry skin
• Dirty food trays
• Poor hygiene
• Changes in behavior, such as irritability or confusion
• Sunken eyes
• Wounds taking longer to heal
• Frequently complaining about hunger or thirst

It is important to regularly visit and talk to your loved one. Inquire about the food they are eating and how they feel. If something feels off, don’t hesitate to raise your concerns with the administrator. 

What Can You Do if You Suspect Malnutrition and Dehydration?

If you have spotted any of the above signs or have reason to believe your loved one is neglected and suffering from malnutrition and dehydration, you can:

• Raise the issue with the staff. Talk to the nurses, dietitian, and management. 
• Request for a review of the care plan, which includes nutritional needs.
• Record everything just in case you need to file a claim or lawsuit.
• Get a second opinion from a doctor not associated with the facility. 

Conclusion

The sad part is that malnutrition and dehydration are preventable with proper care. Nursing homes have a responsibility to monitor residents’ diets and fluid intake. If you suspect your loved one is being neglected, consider contacting a nursing home abuse attorney.